From 8a82af3511b4379af0d239dbd01c672c17a2c46a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: pukkandan <pukkandan.ytdlp@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 27 May 2022 04:36:23 +0530
Subject: [PATCH] [cleanup] Misc fixes and cleanup

Closes #3780, Closes #3853, Closes #3850
---
 Makefile                            |  2 +-
 README.md                           | 10 ++---
 devscripts/make_readme.py           | 18 ++++++---
 devscripts/run_tests.sh             |  2 +-
 setup.cfg                           |  9 ++++-
 yt-dlp.sh                           |  2 +-
 yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py                 | 26 ++++++------
 yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py           |  9 ++++-
 yt_dlp/downloader/__init__.py       |  3 +-
 yt_dlp/extractor/common.py          |  3 +-
 yt_dlp/extractor/curiositystream.py |  2 +-
 yt_dlp/extractor/fc2.py             | 13 ++----
 yt_dlp/options.py                   |  4 +-
 yt_dlp/postprocessor/common.py      |  5 ++-
 yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py      | 18 ++++-----
 yt_dlp/utils.py                     | 61 +++++++++++++++--------------
 16 files changed, 103 insertions(+), 84 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index f12282edc..4c16e88ad 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ completions/fish/yt-dlp.fish: yt_dlp/*.py yt_dlp/*/*.py devscripts/fish-completi
 	mkdir -p completions/fish
 	$(PYTHON) devscripts/fish-completion.py
 
-_EXTRACTOR_FILES = $(shell find yt_dlp/extractor -iname '*.py' -and -not -iname 'lazy_extractors.py')
+_EXTRACTOR_FILES = $(shell find yt_dlp/extractor -name '*.py' -and -not -name 'lazy_extractors.py')
 yt_dlp/extractor/lazy_extractors.py: devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py devscripts/lazy_load_template.py $(_EXTRACTOR_FILES)
 	$(PYTHON) devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py $@
 
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index fbbd6f3ab..89e3528cf 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ # NEW FEATURES
 
 * **Output template improvements**: Output templates can now have date-time formatting, numeric offsets, object traversal etc. See [output template](#output-template) for details. Even more advanced operations can also be done with the help of `--parse-metadata` and `--replace-in-metadata`
 
-* **Other new options**: Many new options have been added such as `--concat-playlist`, `--print`, `--wait-for-video`, `--sleep-requests`, `--convert-thumbnails`, `--write-link`, `--force-download-archive`, `--force-overwrites`, `--break-on-reject` etc
+* **Other new options**: Many new options have been added such as `--alias`, `--print`, `--concat-playlist`, `--wait-for-video`, `--retry-sleep`, `--sleep-requests`, `--convert-thumbnails`, `--force-download-archive`, `--force-overwrites`, `--break-on-reject` etc
 
 * **Improvements**: Regex and other operators in `--format`/`--match-filter`, multiple `--postprocessor-args` and `--downloader-args`, faster archive checking, more [format selection options](#format-selection), merge multi-video/audio, multiple `--config-locations`, `--exec` at different stages, etc
 
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ ### Differences in default behavior
 
 For ease of use, a few more compat options are available:
 
-* `--compat-options all`: Use all compat options
+* `--compat-options all`: Use all compat options (Do NOT use)
 * `--compat-options youtube-dl`: Same as `--compat-options all,-multistreams`
 * `--compat-options youtube-dlc`: Same as `--compat-options all,-no-live-chat,-no-youtube-channel-redirect`
 
@@ -1003,9 +1003,9 @@ ## Post-Processing Options:
     --no-remove-chapters            Do not remove any chapters from the file
                                     (default)
     --force-keyframes-at-cuts       Force keyframes around chapters when
-                                    removing/splitting them. The resulting video
-                                    may have fewer artifacts around the cuts,
-                                    but is very slow due to needing a re-encode
+                                    removing/splitting them. This is slow due to
+                                    needing a re-encode, but the resulting video
+                                    may have fewer artifacts around the cuts
     --no-force-keyframes-at-cuts    Do not force keyframes around the chapters
                                     when cutting/splitting (default)
     --use-postprocessor NAME[:ARGS]
diff --git a/devscripts/make_readme.py b/devscripts/make_readme.py
index 15c4a7c7d..42578cb0a 100755
--- a/devscripts/make_readme.py
+++ b/devscripts/make_readme.py
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 OPTIONS_END = 'CONFIGURATION'
 EPILOG_START = 'See full documentation'
 
+DISABLE_PATCH = object()
+
 
 def take_section(text, start=None, end=None, *, shift=0):
     return text[
@@ -21,7 +23,7 @@ def take_section(text, start=None, end=None, *, shift=0):
 
 
 def apply_patch(text, patch):
-    return re.sub(*patch, text)
+    return text if patch[0] is DISABLE_PATCH else re.sub(*patch, text)
 
 
 options = take_section(sys.stdin.read(), f'\n  {OPTIONS_START}', f'\n{EPILOG_START}', shift=1)
@@ -38,11 +40,15 @@ def apply_patch(text, patch):
         rf'({delim[:-1]})? (?P<label>\[\S+\] )?(?P<url>https?({delim})?:({delim})?/({delim})?/(({delim})?\S+)+)\s',
         lambda mobj: ''.join((delim, mobj.group('label') or '', re.sub(r'\s+', '', mobj.group('url')), '\n'))
     ),
-    # This creates issues with prepare_manpage
-    # (  # Avoid newline when a space is available b/w switch and description
-    #     r'(?m)^(\s{4}-.{%d})(%s)' % (switch_col_width - 6, delim),
-    #     r'\1 '
-    # ),
+    (  # Do not split "words"
+        rf'(?m)({delim}\S+)+$',
+        lambda mobj: ''.join((delim, mobj.group(0).replace(delim, '')))
+    ),
+    (  # Avoid newline when a space is available b/w switch and description
+        DISABLE_PATCH,  # This creates issues with prepare_manpage
+        r'(?m)^(\s{4}-.{%d})(%s)' % (switch_col_width - 6, delim),
+        r'\1 '
+    ),
 )
 
 with open(README_FILE, encoding='utf-8') as f:
diff --git a/devscripts/run_tests.sh b/devscripts/run_tests.sh
index e9904ae35..d496a092b 100755
--- a/devscripts/run_tests.sh
+++ b/devscripts/run_tests.sh
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
 
 if [ -z $1 ]; then
     test_set='test'
diff --git a/setup.cfg b/setup.cfg
index 4780ee95b..946d7b122 100644
--- a/setup.cfg
+++ b/setup.cfg
@@ -1,17 +1,21 @@
 [wheel]
 universal = true
 
+
 [flake8]
-exclude = build,venv,.tox,.git
+exclude = build,venv,.tox,.git,.pytest_cache
 ignore = E402,E501,E731,E741,W503
+max_line_length = 120
 per_file_ignores =
-    ./devscripts/lazy_load_template.py: F401
+    devscripts/lazy_load_template.py: F401
+
 
 [tool:pytest]
 addopts = -ra -v --strict-markers
 markers =
     download
 
+
 [tox:tox]
 skipsdist = true
 envlist = py{36,37,38,39,310},pypy{36,37,38,39}
@@ -25,6 +29,7 @@ passenv = HOME  # For test_compat_expanduser
 setenv =
     # PYTHONWARNINGS = error  # Catches PIP's warnings too
 
+
 [isort]
 py_version = 36
 multi_line_output = VERTICAL_HANGING_INDENT
diff --git a/yt-dlp.sh b/yt-dlp.sh
index 0321a3362..22a69250c 100755
--- a/yt-dlp.sh
+++ b/yt-dlp.sh
@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-#!/bin/sh
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
 exec "${PYTHON:-python3}" -bb -Werror -Xdev "$(dirname "$(realpath "$0")")/yt_dlp/__main__.py" "$@"
diff --git a/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py b/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
index b1753241d..d3497d746 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@
 
 from .cache import Cache
 from .compat import (
+    HAS_LEGACY as compat_has_legacy,
     compat_get_terminal_size,
     compat_os_name,
     compat_shlex_quote,
@@ -591,7 +592,10 @@ def check_deprecated(param, option, suggestion):
         for msg in self.params.get('_deprecation_warnings', []):
             self.deprecation_warning(msg)
 
-        if 'list-formats' in self.params.get('compat_opts', []):
+        self.params['compat_opts'] = set(self.params.get('compat_opts', ()))
+        if not compat_has_legacy:
+            self.params['compat_opts'].add('no-compat-legacy')
+        if 'list-formats' in self.params['compat_opts']:
             self.params['listformats_table'] = False
 
         if 'overwrites' not in self.params and self.params.get('nooverwrites') is not None:
@@ -788,9 +792,9 @@ def to_stdout(self, message, skip_eol=False, quiet=None):
         """Print message to stdout"""
         if quiet is not None:
             self.deprecation_warning('"YoutubeDL.to_stdout" no longer accepts the argument quiet. Use "YoutubeDL.to_screen" instead')
-        self._write_string(
-            '%s%s' % (self._bidi_workaround(message), ('' if skip_eol else '\n')),
-            self._out_files.out)
+        if skip_eol is not False:
+            self.deprecation_warning('"YoutubeDL.to_stdout" no longer accepts the argument skip_eol. Use "YoutubeDL.to_screen" instead')
+        self._write_string(self._bidi_workaround(message), self._out_files.out)
 
     def to_screen(self, message, skip_eol=False, quiet=None):
         """Print message to screen if not in quiet mode"""
@@ -942,7 +946,7 @@ def write_debug(self, message, only_once=False):
         '''Log debug message or Print message to stderr'''
         if not self.params.get('verbose', False):
             return
-        message = '[debug] %s' % message
+        message = f'[debug] {message}'
         if self.params.get('logger'):
             self.params['logger'].debug(message)
         else:
@@ -1136,7 +1140,7 @@ def get_value(mdict):
         def filename_sanitizer(key, value, restricted=self.params.get('restrictfilenames')):
             return sanitize_filename(str(value), restricted=restricted, is_id=(
                 bool(re.search(r'(^|[_.])id(\.|$)', key))
-                if 'filename-sanitization' in self.params.get('compat_opts', [])
+                if 'filename-sanitization' in self.params['compat_opts']
                 else NO_DEFAULT))
 
         sanitizer = sanitize if callable(sanitize) else filename_sanitizer
@@ -1775,7 +1779,7 @@ def get_entry(i):
         max_failures = self.params.get('skip_playlist_after_errors') or float('inf')
         for i, entry_tuple in enumerate(entries, 1):
             playlist_index, entry = entry_tuple
-            if 'playlist-index' in self.params.get('compat_opts', []):
+            if 'playlist-index' in self.params['compat_opts']:
                 playlist_index = playlistitems[i - 1] if playlistitems else i + playliststart - 1
             self.to_screen('[download] Downloading video %s of %s' % (
                 self._format_screen(i, self.Styles.ID), self._format_screen(n_entries, self.Styles.EMPHASIS)))
@@ -1906,7 +1910,7 @@ def _check_formats(self, formats):
             temp_file.close()
             try:
                 success, _ = self.dl(temp_file.name, f, test=True)
-            except (DownloadError, IOError, OSError, ValueError) + network_exceptions:
+            except (DownloadError, OSError, ValueError) + network_exceptions:
                 success = False
             finally:
                 if os.path.exists(temp_file.name):
@@ -1935,7 +1939,7 @@ def can_merge():
         compat = (
             prefer_best
             or self.params.get('allow_multiple_audio_streams', False)
-            or 'format-spec' in self.params.get('compat_opts', []))
+            or 'format-spec' in self.params['compat_opts'])
 
         return (
             'best/bestvideo+bestaudio' if prefer_best
@@ -3652,8 +3656,8 @@ def get_encoding(stream):
             write_debug('Plugins: %s' % [
                 '%s%s' % (klass.__name__, '' if klass.__name__ == name else f' as {name}')
                 for name, klass in itertools.chain(plugin_extractors.items(), plugin_postprocessors.items())])
-        if self.params.get('compat_opts'):
-            write_debug('Compatibility options: %s' % ', '.join(self.params.get('compat_opts')))
+        if self.params['compat_opts']:
+            write_debug('Compatibility options: %s' % ', '.join(self.params['compat_opts']))
 
         if source == 'source':
             try:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py b/yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py
index c02e843d4..35875ed20 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py
@@ -9,8 +9,13 @@
 
 
 # XXX: Implement this the same way as other DeprecationWarnings without circular import
-passthrough_module(__name__, '._legacy', callback=lambda attr: warnings.warn(
-    DeprecationWarning(f'{__name__}.{attr} is deprecated'), stacklevel=2))
+try:
+    passthrough_module(__name__, '._legacy', callback=lambda attr: warnings.warn(
+        DeprecationWarning(f'{__name__}.{attr} is deprecated'), stacklevel=2))
+    HAS_LEGACY = True
+except ModuleNotFoundError:
+    # Keep working even without _legacy module
+    HAS_LEGACY = False
 del passthrough_module
 
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/__init__.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/__init__.py
index 5aba303dd..3b4a82635 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/__init__.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/__init__.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-from ..compat import compat_str
 from ..utils import NO_DEFAULT, determine_protocol
 
 
@@ -91,7 +90,7 @@ def _get_suitable_downloader(info_dict, protocol, params, default):
     info_dict['protocol'] = protocol
     downloaders = params.get('external_downloader')
     external_downloader = (
-        downloaders if isinstance(downloaders, compat_str) or downloaders is None
+        downloaders if isinstance(downloaders, str) or downloaders is None
         else downloaders.get(shorten_protocol_name(protocol, True), downloaders.get('default')))
 
     if external_downloader is None:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
index eee908089..b24599d5f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
@@ -610,8 +610,7 @@ def _initialize_geo_bypass(self, geo_bypass_context):
 
             if ip_block:
                 self._x_forwarded_for_ip = GeoUtils.random_ipv4(ip_block)
-                self._downloader.write_debug(
-                    '[debug] Using fake IP %s as X-Forwarded-For' % self._x_forwarded_for_ip)
+                self.write_debug(f'Using fake IP {self._x_forwarded_for_ip} as X-Forwarded-For')
                 return
 
             # Path 2: bypassing based on country code
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/curiositystream.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/curiositystream.py
index e71b05289..be4e53e44 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/curiositystream.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/curiositystream.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ def _call_api(self, path, video_id, query=None):
             auth_cookie = self._get_cookies('https://curiositystream.com').get('auth_token')
             if auth_cookie:
                 self.write_debug('Obtained auth_token cookie')
-                self._auth_token = cookie.value
+                self._auth_token = auth_cookie.value
         if self._auth_token:
             headers['X-Auth-Token'] = self._auth_token
         result = self._download_json(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/fc2.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/fc2.py
index 54b136ec7..8983a16fd 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/fc2.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/fc2.py
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import (
-    compat_parse_qs,
-)
+from ..compat import compat_parse_qs
 from ..dependencies import websockets
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
@@ -209,7 +207,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'User-Agent': self.get_param('http_headers')['User-Agent'],
         })
 
-        self.write_debug('[debug] Sending HLS server request')
+        self.write_debug('Sending HLS server request')
 
         while True:
             recv = ws.recv()
@@ -231,13 +229,10 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             if not data or not isinstance(data, dict):
                 continue
             if data.get('name') == '_response_' and data.get('id') == 1:
-                self.write_debug('[debug] Goodbye.')
+                self.write_debug('Goodbye')
                 playlist_data = data
                 break
-            elif self._downloader.params.get('verbose', False):
-                if len(recv) > 100:
-                    recv = recv[:100] + '...'
-                self.to_screen('[debug] Server said: %s' % recv)
+            self.write_debug('Server said: %s%s' % (recv[:100], '...' if len(recv) > 100 else ''))
 
         if not playlist_data:
             raise ExtractorError('Unable to fetch HLS playlist info via WebSocket')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/options.py b/yt_dlp/options.py
index 65391410f..b44f5301b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/options.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/options.py
@@ -1634,8 +1634,8 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
         action='store_true', dest='force_keyframes_at_cuts', default=False,
         help=(
             'Force keyframes around chapters when removing/splitting them. '
-            'The resulting video may have fewer artifacts around the cuts, '
-            'but is very slow due to needing a re-encode'))
+            'This is slow due to needing a re-encode, but '
+            'the resulting video may have fewer artifacts around the cuts'))
     postproc.add_option(
         '--no-force-keyframes-at-cuts',
         action='store_false', dest='force_keyframes_at_cuts',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/common.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/common.py
index addc46e5b..9f22b378d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/common.py
@@ -176,6 +176,8 @@ def add_progress_hook(self, ph):
 
     def report_progress(self, s):
         s['_default_template'] = '%(postprocessor)s %(status)s' % s
+        if not self._downloader:
+            return
 
         progress_dict = s.copy()
         progress_dict.pop('info_dict')
@@ -184,7 +186,8 @@ def report_progress(self, s):
         progress_template = self.get_param('progress_template', {})
         tmpl = progress_template.get('postprocess')
         if tmpl:
-            self._downloader.to_stdout(self._downloader.evaluate_outtmpl(tmpl, progress_dict))
+            self._downloader.to_screen(
+                self._downloader.evaluate_outtmpl(tmpl, progress_dict), skip_eol=True, quiet=False)
 
         self._downloader.to_console_title(self._downloader.evaluate_outtmpl(
             progress_template.get('postprocess-title') or 'yt-dlp %(progress._default_template)s',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py
index 5a1d8561f..2a456e567 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py
@@ -66,15 +66,6 @@ def __init__(self, downloader=None):
         self._prefer_ffmpeg = self.get_param('prefer_ffmpeg', True)
         self._paths = self._determine_executables()
 
-    def check_version(self):
-        if not self.available:
-            raise FFmpegPostProcessorError('ffmpeg not found. Please install or provide the path using --ffmpeg-location')
-
-        required_version = '10-0' if self.basename == 'avconv' else '1.0'
-        if is_outdated_version(self._version, required_version):
-            self.report_warning(f'Your copy of {self.basename} is outdated, update {self.basename} '
-                                f'to version {required_version} or newer if you encounter any errors')
-
     @staticmethod
     def get_versions_and_features(downloader=None):
         pp = FFmpegPostProcessor(downloader)
@@ -205,6 +196,15 @@ def stream_copy_opts(copy=True, *, ext=None):
         if ext in ('mp4', 'mov', 'm4a'):
             yield from ('-c:s', 'mov_text')
 
+    def check_version(self):
+        if not self.available:
+            raise FFmpegPostProcessorError('ffmpeg not found. Please install or provide the path using --ffmpeg-location')
+
+        required_version = '10-0' if self.basename == 'avconv' else '1.0'
+        if is_outdated_version(self._version, required_version):
+            self.report_warning(f'Your copy of {self.basename} is outdated, update {self.basename} '
+                                f'to version {required_version} or newer if you encounter any errors')
+
     def get_audio_codec(self, path):
         if not self.probe_available and not self.available:
             raise PostProcessingError('ffprobe and ffmpeg not found. Please install or provide the path using --ffmpeg-location')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/utils.py b/yt_dlp/utils.py
index 6701492f2..9da8bb293 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/utils.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils.py
@@ -619,9 +619,9 @@ def sanitize_open(filename, open_mode):
                     # Ref: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3124
                     raise LockingUnsupportedError()
                 stream = locked_file(filename, open_mode, block=False).__enter__()
-            except LockingUnsupportedError:
+            except OSError:
                 stream = open(filename, open_mode)
-            return (stream, filename)
+            return stream, filename
         except OSError as err:
             if attempt or err.errno in (errno.EACCES,):
                 raise
@@ -815,12 +815,9 @@ def escapeHTML(text):
 
 
 def process_communicate_or_kill(p, *args, **kwargs):
-    try:
-        return p.communicate(*args, **kwargs)
-    except BaseException:  # Including KeyboardInterrupt
-        p.kill()
-        p.wait()
-        raise
+    write_string('DeprecationWarning: yt_dlp.utils.process_communicate_or_kill is deprecated '
+                 'and may be removed in a future version. Use yt_dlp.utils.Popen.communicate_or_kill instead')
+    return Popen.communicate_or_kill(p, *args, **kwargs)
 
 
 class Popen(subprocess.Popen):
@@ -834,7 +831,12 @@ def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
         super().__init__(*args, **kwargs, startupinfo=self._startupinfo)
 
     def communicate_or_kill(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        return process_communicate_or_kill(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        try:
+            return self.communicate(*args, **kwargs)
+        except BaseException:  # Including KeyboardInterrupt
+            self.kill()
+            self.wait()
+            raise
 
 
 def get_subprocess_encoding():
@@ -921,22 +923,23 @@ def make_HTTPS_handler(params, **kwargs):
         context.options |= 4  # SSL_OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT
         # Allow use of weaker ciphers in Python 3.10+. See https://bugs.python.org/issue43998
         context.set_ciphers('DEFAULT')
+
     context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED if opts_check_certificate else ssl.CERT_NONE
     if opts_check_certificate:
         if has_certifi and 'no-certifi' not in params.get('compat_opts', []):
             context.load_verify_locations(cafile=certifi.where())
-        else:
-            try:
-                context.load_default_certs()
-                # Work around the issue in load_default_certs when there are bad certificates. See:
-                # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/1060,
-                # https://bugs.python.org/issue35665, https://bugs.python.org/issue45312
-            except ssl.SSLError:
-                # enum_certificates is not present in mingw python. See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/1151
-                if sys.platform == 'win32' and hasattr(ssl, 'enum_certificates'):
-                    for storename in ('CA', 'ROOT'):
-                        _ssl_load_windows_store_certs(context, storename)
-                context.set_default_verify_paths()
+        try:
+            context.load_default_certs()
+        # Work around the issue in load_default_certs when there are bad certificates. See:
+        # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/1060,
+        # https://bugs.python.org/issue35665, https://bugs.python.org/issue45312
+        except ssl.SSLError:
+            # enum_certificates is not present in mingw python. See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/1151
+            if sys.platform == 'win32' and hasattr(ssl, 'enum_certificates'):
+                for storename in ('CA', 'ROOT'):
+                    _ssl_load_windows_store_certs(context, storename)
+            context.set_default_verify_paths()
+
     client_certfile = params.get('client_certificate')
     if client_certfile:
         try:
@@ -1885,11 +1888,11 @@ def platform_name():
 
 @functools.cache
 def get_windows_version():
-    ''' Get Windows version. None if it's not running on Windows '''
+    ''' Get Windows version. returns () if it's not running on Windows '''
     if compat_os_name == 'nt':
         return version_tuple(platform.win32_ver()[1])
     else:
-        return None
+        return ()
 
 
 def write_string(s, out=None, encoding=None):
@@ -1899,14 +1902,14 @@ def write_string(s, out=None, encoding=None):
     if compat_os_name == 'nt' and supports_terminal_sequences(out):
         s = re.sub(r'([\r\n]+)', r' \1', s)
 
-    enc = None
+    enc, buffer = None, out
     if 'b' in getattr(out, 'mode', ''):
         enc = encoding or preferredencoding()
     elif hasattr(out, 'buffer'):
-        out = out.buffer
+        buffer = out.buffer
         enc = encoding or getattr(out, 'encoding', None) or preferredencoding()
 
-    out.write(s.encode(enc, 'ignore') if enc else s)
+    buffer.write(s.encode(enc, 'ignore') if enc else s)
     out.flush()
 
 
@@ -1925,7 +1928,7 @@ def intlist_to_bytes(xs):
     return compat_struct_pack('%dB' % len(xs), *xs)
 
 
-class LockingUnsupportedError(IOError):
+class LockingUnsupportedError(OSError):
     msg = 'File locking is not supported on this platform'
 
     def __init__(self):
@@ -5089,7 +5092,7 @@ def jwt_decode_hs256(jwt):
 @functools.cache
 def supports_terminal_sequences(stream):
     if compat_os_name == 'nt':
-        if not WINDOWS_VT_MODE or get_windows_version() < (10, 0, 10586):
+        if not WINDOWS_VT_MODE:
             return False
     elif not os.getenv('TERM'):
         return False
@@ -5100,7 +5103,7 @@ def supports_terminal_sequences(stream):
 
 
 def windows_enable_vt_mode():  # TODO: Do this the proper way https://bugs.python.org/issue30075
-    if compat_os_name != 'nt':
+    if get_windows_version() < (10, 0, 10586):
         return
     global WINDOWS_VT_MODE
     startupinfo = subprocess.STARTUPINFO()