Add support for !noundef metatdata on loads

This patch adds metadata !noundef and makes load instructions can optionally have it.
A load with !noundef always return a well-defined value (has no undef bit or isn't poison).
If the loaded value isn't well defined, the behavior is undefined.

This metadata can be used to encode the assumption from C/C++ that certain reads of variables should have well-defined values.
It is helpful for optimizing freeze instructions away, because freeze can be removed when its operand has well-defined value, and showing that a load from arbitrary location is well-defined is usually hard otherwise.

The same information can be encoded with llvm.assume with operand bundle; using metadata is chosen because I wasn't sure whether code motion can be freely done when llvm.assume is inserted from clang instead.
The existing codebase already is stripping unknown metadata when doing code motion, so using metadata is UB-safe as well.

Reviewed By: jdoerfert

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D89050

docs/LangRef.rst

@@ -9271,6 +9271,12 @@ This is analogous to the ''align'' attribute on parameters and return values.
 This metadata can only be applied to loads of a pointer type. If the returned
 value is not appropriately aligned at runtime, the behavior is undefined.
 
+The optional ``!noundef`` metadata must reference a single metadata name
+``<empty_node>`` corresponding to a node with no entries. The existence of
+``!noundef`` metadata on the instruction tells the optimizer that the value
+loaded is known to be :ref:`well defined <welldefinedvalues>`.
+If the value isn't well defined, the behavior is undefined.
+
 Semantics:
 """"""""""
 

include/llvm/IR/FixedMetadataKinds.def

@@ -41,3 +41,4 @@ LLVM_FIXED_MD_KIND(MD_callback, "callback", 26)
 LLVM_FIXED_MD_KIND(MD_preserve_access_index, "llvm.preserve.access.index", 27)
 LLVM_FIXED_MD_KIND(MD_misexpect, "misexpect", 28)
 LLVM_FIXED_MD_KIND(MD_vcall_visibility, "vcall_visibility", 29)
+LLVM_FIXED_MD_KIND(MD_noundef, "noundef", 30)

lib/Analysis/ValueTracking.cpp

@@ -4892,6 +4892,10 @@ static bool isGuaranteedNotToBeUndefOrPoison(const Value *V,
       return true;
   }
 
+  if (auto *I = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(V))
+    if (I->getMetadata(LLVMContext::MD_noundef))
+      return true;
+
   if (programUndefinedIfUndefOrPoison(V, PoisonOnly))
     return true;
 

lib/Transforms/InstCombine/InstCombineLoadStoreAlloca.cpp

@@ -522,6 +522,7 @@ static StoreInst *combineStoreToNewValue(InstCombinerImpl &IC, StoreInst &SI,
       break;
     case LLVMContext::MD_invariant_load:
     case LLVMContext::MD_nonnull:
+    case LLVMContext::MD_noundef:
     case LLVMContext::MD_range:
     case LLVMContext::MD_align:
     case LLVMContext::MD_dereferenceable:

test/Transforms/InstSimplify/freeze-noundef.ll

@@ -104,3 +104,23 @@ define i1 @used_by_fncall(i1 %x) {
   %f = freeze i1 %y
   ret i1 %f
 }
+
+define i32 @noundef_metadata(i32* %p) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: @noundef_metadata(
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[V:%.*]] = load i32, i32* [[P:%.*]], align 4, !noundef !0
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret i32 [[V]]
+;
+  %v = load i32, i32* %p, !noundef !{}
+  %v.fr = freeze i32 %v
+  ret i32 %v.fr
+}
+
+define {i8, i32} @noundef_metadata2({i8, i32}* %p) {
+; CHECK-LABEL: @noundef_metadata2(
+; CHECK-NEXT:    [[V:%.*]] = load { i8, i32 }, { i8, i32 }* [[P:%.*]], align 4, !noundef !0
+; CHECK-NEXT:    ret { i8, i32 } [[V]]
+;
+  %v = load {i8, i32}, {i8, i32}* %p, !noundef !{}
+  %v.fr = freeze {i8, i32} %v
+  ret {i8, i32} %v.fr
+}