//===- BranchProbabilityInfo.cpp - Branch Probability Analysis ------------===// // // Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions. // See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information. // SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception // //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// // // Loops should be simplified before this analysis. // //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===// #include "llvm/Analysis/BranchProbabilityInfo.h" #include "llvm/ADT/PostOrderIterator.h" #include "llvm/ADT/SCCIterator.h" #include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h" #include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h" #include "llvm/Analysis/LoopInfo.h" #include "llvm/Analysis/PostDominators.h" #include "llvm/Analysis/TargetLibraryInfo.h" #include "llvm/IR/Attributes.h" #include "llvm/IR/BasicBlock.h" #include "llvm/IR/CFG.h" #include "llvm/IR/Constants.h" #include "llvm/IR/Dominators.h" #include "llvm/IR/Function.h" #include "llvm/IR/InstrTypes.h" #include "llvm/IR/Instruction.h" #include "llvm/IR/Instructions.h" #include "llvm/IR/LLVMContext.h" #include "llvm/IR/Metadata.h" #include "llvm/IR/PassManager.h" #include "llvm/IR/Type.h" #include "llvm/IR/Value.h" #include "llvm/InitializePasses.h" #include "llvm/Pass.h" #include "llvm/Support/BranchProbability.h" #include "llvm/Support/Casting.h" #include "llvm/Support/CommandLine.h" #include "llvm/Support/Debug.h" #include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h" #include #include #include #include using namespace llvm; #define DEBUG_TYPE "branch-prob" static cl::opt PrintBranchProb( "print-bpi", cl::init(false), cl::Hidden, cl::desc("Print the branch probability info.")); cl::opt PrintBranchProbFuncName( "print-bpi-func-name", cl::Hidden, cl::desc("The option to specify the name of the function " "whose branch probability info is printed.")); INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(BranchProbabilityInfoWrapperPass, "branch-prob", "Branch Probability Analysis", false, true) INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(LoopInfoWrapperPass) INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(TargetLibraryInfoWrapperPass) INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(PostDominatorTreeWrapperPass) INITIALIZE_PASS_END(BranchProbabilityInfoWrapperPass, "branch-prob", "Branch Probability Analysis", false, true) BranchProbabilityInfoWrapperPass::BranchProbabilityInfoWrapperPass() : FunctionPass(ID) { initializeBranchProbabilityInfoWrapperPassPass( *PassRegistry::getPassRegistry()); } char BranchProbabilityInfoWrapperPass::ID = 0; // Weights are for internal use only. They are used by heuristics to help to // estimate edges' probability. Example: // // Using "Loop Branch Heuristics" we predict weights of edges for the // block BB2. // ... // | // V // BB1<-+ // | | // | | (Weight = 124) // V | // BB2--+ // | // | (Weight = 4) // V // BB3 // // Probability of the edge BB2->BB1 = 124 / (124 + 4) = 0.96875 // Probability of the edge BB2->BB3 = 4 / (124 + 4) = 0.03125 static const uint32_t LBH_TAKEN_WEIGHT = 124; static const uint32_t LBH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT = 4; // Unlikely edges within a loop are half as likely as other edges static const uint32_t LBH_UNLIKELY_WEIGHT = 62; /// Unreachable-terminating branch taken probability. /// /// This is the probability for a branch being taken to a block that terminates /// (eventually) in unreachable. These are predicted as unlikely as possible. /// All reachable probability will proportionally share the remaining part. static const BranchProbability UR_TAKEN_PROB = BranchProbability::getRaw(1); /// Weight for a branch taken going into a cold block. /// /// This is the weight for a branch taken toward a block marked /// cold. A block is marked cold if it's postdominated by a /// block containing a call to a cold function. Cold functions /// are those marked with attribute 'cold'. static const uint32_t CC_TAKEN_WEIGHT = 4; /// Weight for a branch not-taken into a cold block. /// /// This is the weight for a branch not taken toward a block marked /// cold. static const uint32_t CC_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT = 64; static const uint32_t PH_TAKEN_WEIGHT = 20; static const uint32_t PH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT = 12; static const uint32_t ZH_TAKEN_WEIGHT = 20; static const uint32_t ZH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT = 12; static const uint32_t FPH_TAKEN_WEIGHT = 20; static const uint32_t FPH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT = 12; /// This is the probability for an ordered floating point comparison. static const uint32_t FPH_ORD_WEIGHT = 1024 * 1024 - 1; /// This is the probability for an unordered floating point comparison, it means /// one or two of the operands are NaN. Usually it is used to test for an /// exceptional case, so the result is unlikely. static const uint32_t FPH_UNO_WEIGHT = 1; /// Invoke-terminating normal branch taken weight /// /// This is the weight for branching to the normal destination of an invoke /// instruction. We expect this to happen most of the time. Set the weight to an /// absurdly high value so that nested loops subsume it. static const uint32_t IH_TAKEN_WEIGHT = 1024 * 1024 - 1; /// Invoke-terminating normal branch not-taken weight. /// /// This is the weight for branching to the unwind destination of an invoke /// instruction. This is essentially never taken. static const uint32_t IH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT = 1; BranchProbabilityInfo::SccInfo::SccInfo(const Function &F) { // Record SCC numbers of blocks in the CFG to identify irreducible loops. // FIXME: We could only calculate this if the CFG is known to be irreducible // (perhaps cache this info in LoopInfo if we can easily calculate it there?). int SccNum = 0; for (scc_iterator It = scc_begin(&F); !It.isAtEnd(); ++It, ++SccNum) { // Ignore single-block SCCs since they either aren't loops or LoopInfo will // catch them. const std::vector &Scc = *It; if (Scc.size() == 1) continue; LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "BPI: SCC " << SccNum << ":"); for (const auto *BB : Scc) { LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << " " << BB->getName()); SccNums[BB] = SccNum; calculateSccBlockType(BB, SccNum); } LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "\n"); } } int BranchProbabilityInfo::SccInfo::getSCCNum(const BasicBlock *BB) const { auto SccIt = SccNums.find(BB); if (SccIt == SccNums.end()) return -1; return SccIt->second; } void BranchProbabilityInfo::SccInfo::getSccEnterBlocks( int SccNum, SmallVectorImpl &Enters) const { for (auto MapIt : SccBlocks[SccNum]) { const auto *BB = MapIt.first; if (isSCCHeader(BB, SccNum)) for (const auto *Pred : predecessors(BB)) if (getSCCNum(Pred) != SccNum) Enters.push_back(const_cast(BB)); } } void BranchProbabilityInfo::SccInfo::getSccExitBlocks( int SccNum, SmallVectorImpl &Exits) const { for (auto MapIt : SccBlocks[SccNum]) { const auto *BB = MapIt.first; if (isSCCExitingBlock(BB, SccNum)) for (const auto *Succ : successors(BB)) if (getSCCNum(Succ) != SccNum) Exits.push_back(const_cast(BB)); } } uint32_t BranchProbabilityInfo::SccInfo::getSccBlockType(const BasicBlock *BB, int SccNum) const { assert(getSCCNum(BB) == SccNum); assert(SccBlocks.size() > static_cast(SccNum) && "Unknown SCC"); const auto &SccBlockTypes = SccBlocks[SccNum]; auto It = SccBlockTypes.find(BB); if (It != SccBlockTypes.end()) { return It->second; } return Inner; } void BranchProbabilityInfo::SccInfo::calculateSccBlockType(const BasicBlock *BB, int SccNum) { assert(getSCCNum(BB) == SccNum); uint32_t BlockType = Inner; if (llvm::any_of(make_range(pred_begin(BB), pred_end(BB)), [&](const BasicBlock *Pred) { // Consider any block that is an entry point to the SCC as // a header. return getSCCNum(Pred) != SccNum; })) BlockType |= Header; if (llvm::any_of( make_range(succ_begin(BB), succ_end(BB)), [&](const BasicBlock *Succ) { return getSCCNum(Succ) != SccNum; })) BlockType |= Exiting; // Lazily compute the set of headers for a given SCC and cache the results // in the SccHeaderMap. if (SccBlocks.size() <= static_cast(SccNum)) SccBlocks.resize(SccNum + 1); auto &SccBlockTypes = SccBlocks[SccNum]; if (BlockType != Inner) { bool IsInserted; std::tie(std::ignore, IsInserted) = SccBlockTypes.insert(std::make_pair(BB, BlockType)); assert(IsInserted && "Duplicated block in SCC"); } } static void UpdatePDTWorklist(const BasicBlock *BB, PostDominatorTree *PDT, SmallVectorImpl &WorkList, SmallPtrSetImpl &TargetSet) { SmallVector Descendants; SmallPtrSet NewItems; PDT->getDescendants(const_cast(BB), Descendants); for (auto *BB : Descendants) if (TargetSet.insert(BB).second) for (pred_iterator PI = pred_begin(BB), E = pred_end(BB); PI != E; ++PI) if (!TargetSet.count(*PI)) NewItems.insert(*PI); WorkList.insert(WorkList.end(), NewItems.begin(), NewItems.end()); } /// Compute a set of basic blocks that are post-dominated by unreachables. void BranchProbabilityInfo::computePostDominatedByUnreachable( const Function &F, PostDominatorTree *PDT) { SmallVector WorkList; for (auto &BB : F) { const Instruction *TI = BB.getTerminator(); if (TI->getNumSuccessors() == 0) { if (isa(TI) || // If this block is terminated by a call to // @llvm.experimental.deoptimize then treat it like an unreachable // since the @llvm.experimental.deoptimize call is expected to // practically never execute. BB.getTerminatingDeoptimizeCall()) UpdatePDTWorklist(&BB, PDT, WorkList, PostDominatedByUnreachable); } } while (!WorkList.empty()) { const BasicBlock *BB = WorkList.pop_back_val(); if (PostDominatedByUnreachable.count(BB)) continue; // If the terminator is an InvokeInst, check only the normal destination // block as the unwind edge of InvokeInst is also very unlikely taken. if (auto *II = dyn_cast(BB->getTerminator())) { if (PostDominatedByUnreachable.count(II->getNormalDest())) UpdatePDTWorklist(BB, PDT, WorkList, PostDominatedByUnreachable); } // If all the successors are unreachable, BB is unreachable as well. else if (!successors(BB).empty() && llvm::all_of(successors(BB), [this](const BasicBlock *Succ) { return PostDominatedByUnreachable.count(Succ); })) UpdatePDTWorklist(BB, PDT, WorkList, PostDominatedByUnreachable); } } /// compute a set of basic blocks that are post-dominated by ColdCalls. void BranchProbabilityInfo::computePostDominatedByColdCall( const Function &F, PostDominatorTree *PDT) { SmallVector WorkList; for (auto &BB : F) for (auto &I : BB) if (const CallInst *CI = dyn_cast(&I)) if (CI->hasFnAttr(Attribute::Cold)) UpdatePDTWorklist(&BB, PDT, WorkList, PostDominatedByColdCall); while (!WorkList.empty()) { const BasicBlock *BB = WorkList.pop_back_val(); // If the terminator is an InvokeInst, check only the normal destination // block as the unwind edge of InvokeInst is also very unlikely taken. if (auto *II = dyn_cast(BB->getTerminator())) { if (PostDominatedByColdCall.count(II->getNormalDest())) UpdatePDTWorklist(BB, PDT, WorkList, PostDominatedByColdCall); } // If all of successor are post dominated then BB is also done. else if (!successors(BB).empty() && llvm::all_of(successors(BB), [this](const BasicBlock *Succ) { return PostDominatedByColdCall.count(Succ); })) UpdatePDTWorklist(BB, PDT, WorkList, PostDominatedByColdCall); } } /// Calculate edge weights for successors lead to unreachable. /// /// Predict that a successor which leads necessarily to an /// unreachable-terminated block as extremely unlikely. bool BranchProbabilityInfo::calcUnreachableHeuristics(const BasicBlock *BB) { const Instruction *TI = BB->getTerminator(); (void) TI; assert(TI->getNumSuccessors() > 1 && "expected more than one successor!"); assert(!isa(TI) && "Invokes should have already been handled by calcInvokeHeuristics"); SmallVector UnreachableEdges; SmallVector ReachableEdges; for (const_succ_iterator I = succ_begin(BB), E = succ_end(BB); I != E; ++I) if (PostDominatedByUnreachable.count(*I)) UnreachableEdges.push_back(I.getSuccessorIndex()); else ReachableEdges.push_back(I.getSuccessorIndex()); // Skip probabilities if all were reachable. if (UnreachableEdges.empty()) return false; SmallVector EdgeProbabilities( BB->getTerminator()->getNumSuccessors(), BranchProbability::getUnknown()); if (ReachableEdges.empty()) { BranchProbability Prob(1, UnreachableEdges.size()); for (unsigned SuccIdx : UnreachableEdges) EdgeProbabilities[SuccIdx] = Prob; setEdgeProbability(BB, EdgeProbabilities); return true; } auto UnreachableProb = UR_TAKEN_PROB; auto ReachableProb = (BranchProbability::getOne() - UR_TAKEN_PROB * UnreachableEdges.size()) / ReachableEdges.size(); for (unsigned SuccIdx : UnreachableEdges) EdgeProbabilities[SuccIdx] = UnreachableProb; for (unsigned SuccIdx : ReachableEdges) EdgeProbabilities[SuccIdx] = ReachableProb; setEdgeProbability(BB, EdgeProbabilities); return true; } // Propagate existing explicit probabilities from either profile data or // 'expect' intrinsic processing. Examine metadata against unreachable // heuristic. The probability of the edge coming to unreachable block is // set to min of metadata and unreachable heuristic. bool BranchProbabilityInfo::calcMetadataWeights(const BasicBlock *BB) { const Instruction *TI = BB->getTerminator(); assert(TI->getNumSuccessors() > 1 && "expected more than one successor!"); if (!(isa(TI) || isa(TI) || isa(TI) || isa(TI))) return false; MDNode *WeightsNode = TI->getMetadata(LLVMContext::MD_prof); if (!WeightsNode) return false; // Check that the number of successors is manageable. assert(TI->getNumSuccessors() < UINT32_MAX && "Too many successors"); // Ensure there are weights for all of the successors. Note that the first // operand to the metadata node is a name, not a weight. if (WeightsNode->getNumOperands() != TI->getNumSuccessors() + 1) return false; // Build up the final weights that will be used in a temporary buffer. // Compute the sum of all weights to later decide whether they need to // be scaled to fit in 32 bits. uint64_t WeightSum = 0; SmallVector Weights; SmallVector UnreachableIdxs; SmallVector ReachableIdxs; Weights.reserve(TI->getNumSuccessors()); for (unsigned I = 1, E = WeightsNode->getNumOperands(); I != E; ++I) { ConstantInt *Weight = mdconst::dyn_extract(WeightsNode->getOperand(I)); if (!Weight) return false; assert(Weight->getValue().getActiveBits() <= 32 && "Too many bits for uint32_t"); Weights.push_back(Weight->getZExtValue()); WeightSum += Weights.back(); if (PostDominatedByUnreachable.count(TI->getSuccessor(I - 1))) UnreachableIdxs.push_back(I - 1); else ReachableIdxs.push_back(I - 1); } assert(Weights.size() == TI->getNumSuccessors() && "Checked above"); // If the sum of weights does not fit in 32 bits, scale every weight down // accordingly. uint64_t ScalingFactor = (WeightSum > UINT32_MAX) ? WeightSum / UINT32_MAX + 1 : 1; if (ScalingFactor > 1) { WeightSum = 0; for (unsigned I = 0, E = TI->getNumSuccessors(); I != E; ++I) { Weights[I] /= ScalingFactor; WeightSum += Weights[I]; } } assert(WeightSum <= UINT32_MAX && "Expected weights to scale down to 32 bits"); if (WeightSum == 0 || ReachableIdxs.size() == 0) { for (unsigned I = 0, E = TI->getNumSuccessors(); I != E; ++I) Weights[I] = 1; WeightSum = TI->getNumSuccessors(); } // Set the probability. SmallVector BP; for (unsigned I = 0, E = TI->getNumSuccessors(); I != E; ++I) BP.push_back({ Weights[I], static_cast(WeightSum) }); // Examine the metadata against unreachable heuristic. // If the unreachable heuristic is more strong then we use it for this edge. if (UnreachableIdxs.size() == 0 || ReachableIdxs.size() == 0) { setEdgeProbability(BB, BP); return true; } auto UnreachableProb = UR_TAKEN_PROB; for (auto I : UnreachableIdxs) if (UnreachableProb < BP[I]) { BP[I] = UnreachableProb; } // Sum of all edge probabilities must be 1.0. If we modified the probability // of some edges then we must distribute the introduced difference over the // reachable blocks. // // Proportional distribution: the relation between probabilities of the // reachable edges is kept unchanged. That is for any reachable edges i and j: // newBP[i] / newBP[j] == oldBP[i] / oldBP[j] => // newBP[i] / oldBP[i] == newBP[j] / oldBP[j] == K // Where K is independent of i,j. // newBP[i] == oldBP[i] * K // We need to find K. // Make sum of all reachables of the left and right parts: // sum_of_reachable(newBP) == K * sum_of_reachable(oldBP) // Sum of newBP must be equal to 1.0: // sum_of_reachable(newBP) + sum_of_unreachable(newBP) == 1.0 => // sum_of_reachable(newBP) = 1.0 - sum_of_unreachable(newBP) // Where sum_of_unreachable(newBP) is what has been just changed. // Finally: // K == sum_of_reachable(newBP) / sum_of_reachable(oldBP) => // K == (1.0 - sum_of_unreachable(newBP)) / sum_of_reachable(oldBP) BranchProbability NewUnreachableSum = BranchProbability::getZero(); for (auto I : UnreachableIdxs) NewUnreachableSum += BP[I]; BranchProbability NewReachableSum = BranchProbability::getOne() - NewUnreachableSum; BranchProbability OldReachableSum = BranchProbability::getZero(); for (auto I : ReachableIdxs) OldReachableSum += BP[I]; if (OldReachableSum != NewReachableSum) { // Anything to dsitribute? if (OldReachableSum.isZero()) { // If all oldBP[i] are zeroes then the proportional distribution results // in all zero probabilities and the error stays big. In this case we // evenly spread NewReachableSum over the reachable edges. BranchProbability PerEdge = NewReachableSum / ReachableIdxs.size(); for (auto I : ReachableIdxs) BP[I] = PerEdge; } else { for (auto I : ReachableIdxs) { // We use uint64_t to avoid double rounding error of the following // calculation: BP[i] = BP[i] * NewReachableSum / OldReachableSum // The formula is taken from the private constructor // BranchProbability(uint32_t Numerator, uint32_t Denominator) uint64_t Mul = static_cast(NewReachableSum.getNumerator()) * BP[I].getNumerator(); uint32_t Div = static_cast( divideNearest(Mul, OldReachableSum.getNumerator())); BP[I] = BranchProbability::getRaw(Div); } } } setEdgeProbability(BB, BP); return true; } /// Calculate edge weights for edges leading to cold blocks. /// /// A cold block is one post-dominated by a block with a call to a /// cold function. Those edges are unlikely to be taken, so we give /// them relatively low weight. /// /// Return true if we could compute the weights for cold edges. /// Return false, otherwise. bool BranchProbabilityInfo::calcColdCallHeuristics(const BasicBlock *BB) { const Instruction *TI = BB->getTerminator(); (void) TI; assert(TI->getNumSuccessors() > 1 && "expected more than one successor!"); assert(!isa(TI) && "Invokes should have already been handled by calcInvokeHeuristics"); // Determine which successors are post-dominated by a cold block. SmallVector ColdEdges; SmallVector NormalEdges; for (const_succ_iterator I = succ_begin(BB), E = succ_end(BB); I != E; ++I) if (PostDominatedByColdCall.count(*I)) ColdEdges.push_back(I.getSuccessorIndex()); else NormalEdges.push_back(I.getSuccessorIndex()); // Skip probabilities if no cold edges. if (ColdEdges.empty()) return false; SmallVector EdgeProbabilities( BB->getTerminator()->getNumSuccessors(), BranchProbability::getUnknown()); if (NormalEdges.empty()) { BranchProbability Prob(1, ColdEdges.size()); for (unsigned SuccIdx : ColdEdges) EdgeProbabilities[SuccIdx] = Prob; setEdgeProbability(BB, EdgeProbabilities); return true; } auto ColdProb = BranchProbability::getBranchProbability( CC_TAKEN_WEIGHT, (CC_TAKEN_WEIGHT + CC_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT) * uint64_t(ColdEdges.size())); auto NormalProb = BranchProbability::getBranchProbability( CC_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT, (CC_TAKEN_WEIGHT + CC_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT) * uint64_t(NormalEdges.size())); for (unsigned SuccIdx : ColdEdges) EdgeProbabilities[SuccIdx] = ColdProb; for (unsigned SuccIdx : NormalEdges) EdgeProbabilities[SuccIdx] = NormalProb; setEdgeProbability(BB, EdgeProbabilities); return true; } // Calculate Edge Weights using "Pointer Heuristics". Predict a comparison // between two pointer or pointer and NULL will fail. bool BranchProbabilityInfo::calcPointerHeuristics(const BasicBlock *BB) { const BranchInst *BI = dyn_cast(BB->getTerminator()); if (!BI || !BI->isConditional()) return false; Value *Cond = BI->getCondition(); ICmpInst *CI = dyn_cast(Cond); if (!CI || !CI->isEquality()) return false; Value *LHS = CI->getOperand(0); if (!LHS->getType()->isPointerTy()) return false; assert(CI->getOperand(1)->getType()->isPointerTy()); BranchProbability TakenProb(PH_TAKEN_WEIGHT, PH_TAKEN_WEIGHT + PH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT); BranchProbability UntakenProb(PH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT, PH_TAKEN_WEIGHT + PH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT); // p != 0 -> isProb = true // p == 0 -> isProb = false // p != q -> isProb = true // p == q -> isProb = false; bool isProb = CI->getPredicate() == ICmpInst::ICMP_NE; if (!isProb) std::swap(TakenProb, UntakenProb); setEdgeProbability( BB, SmallVector({TakenProb, UntakenProb})); return true; } // Compute the unlikely successors to the block BB in the loop L, specifically // those that are unlikely because this is a loop, and add them to the // UnlikelyBlocks set. static void computeUnlikelySuccessors(const BasicBlock *BB, Loop *L, SmallPtrSetImpl &UnlikelyBlocks) { // Sometimes in a loop we have a branch whose condition is made false by // taking it. This is typically something like // int n = 0; // while (...) { // if (++n >= MAX) { // n = 0; // } // } // In this sort of situation taking the branch means that at the very least it // won't be taken again in the next iteration of the loop, so we should // consider it less likely than a typical branch. // // We detect this by looking back through the graph of PHI nodes that sets the // value that the condition depends on, and seeing if we can reach a successor // block which can be determined to make the condition false. // // FIXME: We currently consider unlikely blocks to be half as likely as other // blocks, but if we consider the example above the likelyhood is actually // 1/MAX. We could therefore be more precise in how unlikely we consider // blocks to be, but it would require more careful examination of the form // of the comparison expression. const BranchInst *BI = dyn_cast(BB->getTerminator()); if (!BI || !BI->isConditional()) return; // Check if the branch is based on an instruction compared with a constant CmpInst *CI = dyn_cast(BI->getCondition()); if (!CI || !isa(CI->getOperand(0)) || !isa(CI->getOperand(1))) return; // Either the instruction must be a PHI, or a chain of operations involving // constants that ends in a PHI which we can then collapse into a single value // if the PHI value is known. Instruction *CmpLHS = dyn_cast(CI->getOperand(0)); PHINode *CmpPHI = dyn_cast(CmpLHS); Constant *CmpConst = dyn_cast(CI->getOperand(1)); // Collect the instructions until we hit a PHI SmallVector InstChain; while (!CmpPHI && CmpLHS && isa(CmpLHS) && isa(CmpLHS->getOperand(1))) { // Stop if the chain extends outside of the loop if (!L->contains(CmpLHS)) return; InstChain.push_back(cast(CmpLHS)); CmpLHS = dyn_cast(CmpLHS->getOperand(0)); if (CmpLHS) CmpPHI = dyn_cast(CmpLHS); } if (!CmpPHI || !L->contains(CmpPHI)) return; // Trace the phi node to find all values that come from successors of BB SmallPtrSet VisitedInsts; SmallVector WorkList; WorkList.push_back(CmpPHI); VisitedInsts.insert(CmpPHI); while (!WorkList.empty()) { PHINode *P = WorkList.back(); WorkList.pop_back(); for (BasicBlock *B : P->blocks()) { // Skip blocks that aren't part of the loop if (!L->contains(B)) continue; Value *V = P->getIncomingValueForBlock(B); // If the source is a PHI add it to the work list if we haven't // already visited it. if (PHINode *PN = dyn_cast(V)) { if (VisitedInsts.insert(PN).second) WorkList.push_back(PN); continue; } // If this incoming value is a constant and B is a successor of BB, then // we can constant-evaluate the compare to see if it makes the branch be // taken or not. Constant *CmpLHSConst = dyn_cast(V); if (!CmpLHSConst || std::find(succ_begin(BB), succ_end(BB), B) == succ_end(BB)) continue; // First collapse InstChain for (Instruction *I : llvm::reverse(InstChain)) { CmpLHSConst = ConstantExpr::get(I->getOpcode(), CmpLHSConst, cast(I->getOperand(1)), true); if (!CmpLHSConst) break; } if (!CmpLHSConst) continue; // Now constant-evaluate the compare Constant *Result = ConstantExpr::getCompare(CI->getPredicate(), CmpLHSConst, CmpConst, true); // If the result means we don't branch to the block then that block is // unlikely. if (Result && ((Result->isZeroValue() && B == BI->getSuccessor(0)) || (Result->isOneValue() && B == BI->getSuccessor(1)))) UnlikelyBlocks.insert(B); } } } // Calculate Edge Weights using "Loop Branch Heuristics". Predict backedges // as taken, exiting edges as not-taken. bool BranchProbabilityInfo::calcLoopBranchHeuristics(const BasicBlock *BB, const LoopInfo &LI) { int SccNum; Loop *L = LI.getLoopFor(BB); if (!L) { SccNum = SccI->getSCCNum(BB); if (SccNum < 0) return false; } SmallPtrSet UnlikelyBlocks; if (L) computeUnlikelySuccessors(BB, L, UnlikelyBlocks); SmallVector BackEdges; SmallVector ExitingEdges; SmallVector InEdges; // Edges from header to the loop. SmallVector UnlikelyEdges; for (const_succ_iterator I = succ_begin(BB), E = succ_end(BB); I != E; ++I) { // Use LoopInfo if we have it, otherwise fall-back to SCC info to catch // irreducible loops. if (L) { if (UnlikelyBlocks.count(*I) != 0) UnlikelyEdges.push_back(I.getSuccessorIndex()); else if (!L->contains(*I)) ExitingEdges.push_back(I.getSuccessorIndex()); else if (L->getHeader() == *I) BackEdges.push_back(I.getSuccessorIndex()); else InEdges.push_back(I.getSuccessorIndex()); } else { if (SccI->getSCCNum(*I) != SccNum) ExitingEdges.push_back(I.getSuccessorIndex()); else if (SccI->isSCCHeader(*I, SccNum)) BackEdges.push_back(I.getSuccessorIndex()); else InEdges.push_back(I.getSuccessorIndex()); } } if (BackEdges.empty() && ExitingEdges.empty() && UnlikelyEdges.empty()) return false; // Collect the sum of probabilities of back-edges/in-edges/exiting-edges, and // normalize them so that they sum up to one. unsigned Denom = (BackEdges.empty() ? 0 : LBH_TAKEN_WEIGHT) + (InEdges.empty() ? 0 : LBH_TAKEN_WEIGHT) + (UnlikelyEdges.empty() ? 0 : LBH_UNLIKELY_WEIGHT) + (ExitingEdges.empty() ? 0 : LBH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT); SmallVector EdgeProbabilities( BB->getTerminator()->getNumSuccessors(), BranchProbability::getUnknown()); if (uint32_t numBackEdges = BackEdges.size()) { BranchProbability TakenProb = BranchProbability(LBH_TAKEN_WEIGHT, Denom); auto Prob = TakenProb / numBackEdges; for (unsigned SuccIdx : BackEdges) EdgeProbabilities[SuccIdx] = Prob; } if (uint32_t numInEdges = InEdges.size()) { BranchProbability TakenProb = BranchProbability(LBH_TAKEN_WEIGHT, Denom); auto Prob = TakenProb / numInEdges; for (unsigned SuccIdx : InEdges) EdgeProbabilities[SuccIdx] = Prob; } if (uint32_t numExitingEdges = ExitingEdges.size()) { BranchProbability NotTakenProb = BranchProbability(LBH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT, Denom); auto Prob = NotTakenProb / numExitingEdges; for (unsigned SuccIdx : ExitingEdges) EdgeProbabilities[SuccIdx] = Prob; } if (uint32_t numUnlikelyEdges = UnlikelyEdges.size()) { BranchProbability UnlikelyProb = BranchProbability(LBH_UNLIKELY_WEIGHT, Denom); auto Prob = UnlikelyProb / numUnlikelyEdges; for (unsigned SuccIdx : UnlikelyEdges) EdgeProbabilities[SuccIdx] = Prob; } setEdgeProbability(BB, EdgeProbabilities); return true; } bool BranchProbabilityInfo::calcZeroHeuristics(const BasicBlock *BB, const TargetLibraryInfo *TLI) { const BranchInst *BI = dyn_cast(BB->getTerminator()); if (!BI || !BI->isConditional()) return false; Value *Cond = BI->getCondition(); ICmpInst *CI = dyn_cast(Cond); if (!CI) return false; auto GetConstantInt = [](Value *V) { if (auto *I = dyn_cast(V)) return dyn_cast(I->getOperand(0)); return dyn_cast(V); }; Value *RHS = CI->getOperand(1); ConstantInt *CV = GetConstantInt(RHS); if (!CV) return false; // If the LHS is the result of AND'ing a value with a single bit bitmask, // we don't have information about probabilities. if (Instruction *LHS = dyn_cast(CI->getOperand(0))) if (LHS->getOpcode() == Instruction::And) if (ConstantInt *AndRHS = dyn_cast(LHS->getOperand(1))) if (AndRHS->getValue().isPowerOf2()) return false; // Check if the LHS is the return value of a library function LibFunc Func = NumLibFuncs; if (TLI) if (CallInst *Call = dyn_cast(CI->getOperand(0))) if (Function *CalledFn = Call->getCalledFunction()) TLI->getLibFunc(*CalledFn, Func); bool isProb; if (Func == LibFunc_strcasecmp || Func == LibFunc_strcmp || Func == LibFunc_strncasecmp || Func == LibFunc_strncmp || Func == LibFunc_memcmp) { // strcmp and similar functions return zero, negative, or positive, if the // first string is equal, less, or greater than the second. We consider it // likely that the strings are not equal, so a comparison with zero is // probably false, but also a comparison with any other number is also // probably false given that what exactly is returned for nonzero values is // not specified. Any kind of comparison other than equality we know // nothing about. switch (CI->getPredicate()) { case CmpInst::ICMP_EQ: isProb = false; break; case CmpInst::ICMP_NE: isProb = true; break; default: return false; } } else if (CV->isZero()) { switch (CI->getPredicate()) { case CmpInst::ICMP_EQ: // X == 0 -> Unlikely isProb = false; break; case CmpInst::ICMP_NE: // X != 0 -> Likely isProb = true; break; case CmpInst::ICMP_SLT: // X < 0 -> Unlikely isProb = false; break; case CmpInst::ICMP_SGT: // X > 0 -> Likely isProb = true; break; default: return false; } } else if (CV->isOne() && CI->getPredicate() == CmpInst::ICMP_SLT) { // InstCombine canonicalizes X <= 0 into X < 1. // X <= 0 -> Unlikely isProb = false; } else if (CV->isMinusOne()) { switch (CI->getPredicate()) { case CmpInst::ICMP_EQ: // X == -1 -> Unlikely isProb = false; break; case CmpInst::ICMP_NE: // X != -1 -> Likely isProb = true; break; case CmpInst::ICMP_SGT: // InstCombine canonicalizes X >= 0 into X > -1. // X >= 0 -> Likely isProb = true; break; default: return false; } } else { return false; } BranchProbability TakenProb(ZH_TAKEN_WEIGHT, ZH_TAKEN_WEIGHT + ZH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT); BranchProbability UntakenProb(ZH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT, ZH_TAKEN_WEIGHT + ZH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT); if (!isProb) std::swap(TakenProb, UntakenProb); setEdgeProbability( BB, SmallVector({TakenProb, UntakenProb})); return true; } bool BranchProbabilityInfo::calcFloatingPointHeuristics(const BasicBlock *BB) { const BranchInst *BI = dyn_cast(BB->getTerminator()); if (!BI || !BI->isConditional()) return false; Value *Cond = BI->getCondition(); FCmpInst *FCmp = dyn_cast(Cond); if (!FCmp) return false; uint32_t TakenWeight = FPH_TAKEN_WEIGHT; uint32_t NontakenWeight = FPH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT; bool isProb; if (FCmp->isEquality()) { // f1 == f2 -> Unlikely // f1 != f2 -> Likely isProb = !FCmp->isTrueWhenEqual(); } else if (FCmp->getPredicate() == FCmpInst::FCMP_ORD) { // !isnan -> Likely isProb = true; TakenWeight = FPH_ORD_WEIGHT; NontakenWeight = FPH_UNO_WEIGHT; } else if (FCmp->getPredicate() == FCmpInst::FCMP_UNO) { // isnan -> Unlikely isProb = false; TakenWeight = FPH_ORD_WEIGHT; NontakenWeight = FPH_UNO_WEIGHT; } else { return false; } BranchProbability TakenProb(TakenWeight, TakenWeight + NontakenWeight); BranchProbability UntakenProb(NontakenWeight, TakenWeight + NontakenWeight); if (!isProb) std::swap(TakenProb, UntakenProb); setEdgeProbability( BB, SmallVector({TakenProb, UntakenProb})); return true; } bool BranchProbabilityInfo::calcInvokeHeuristics(const BasicBlock *BB) { const InvokeInst *II = dyn_cast(BB->getTerminator()); if (!II) return false; BranchProbability TakenProb(IH_TAKEN_WEIGHT, IH_TAKEN_WEIGHT + IH_NONTAKEN_WEIGHT); setEdgeProbability( BB, SmallVector({TakenProb, TakenProb.getCompl()})); return true; } void BranchProbabilityInfo::releaseMemory() { Probs.clear(); Handles.clear(); } bool BranchProbabilityInfo::invalidate(Function &, const PreservedAnalyses &PA, FunctionAnalysisManager::Invalidator &) { // Check whether the analysis, all analyses on functions, or the function's // CFG have been preserved. auto PAC = PA.getChecker(); return !(PAC.preserved() || PAC.preservedSet>() || PAC.preservedSet()); } void BranchProbabilityInfo::print(raw_ostream &OS) const { OS << "---- Branch Probabilities ----\n"; // We print the probabilities from the last function the analysis ran over, // or the function it is currently running over. assert(LastF && "Cannot print prior to running over a function"); for (const auto &BI : *LastF) { for (const_succ_iterator SI = succ_begin(&BI), SE = succ_end(&BI); SI != SE; ++SI) { printEdgeProbability(OS << " ", &BI, *SI); } } } bool BranchProbabilityInfo:: isEdgeHot(const BasicBlock *Src, const BasicBlock *Dst) const { // Hot probability is at least 4/5 = 80% // FIXME: Compare against a static "hot" BranchProbability. return getEdgeProbability(Src, Dst) > BranchProbability(4, 5); } const BasicBlock * BranchProbabilityInfo::getHotSucc(const BasicBlock *BB) const { auto MaxProb = BranchProbability::getZero(); const BasicBlock *MaxSucc = nullptr; for (const_succ_iterator I = succ_begin(BB), E = succ_end(BB); I != E; ++I) { const BasicBlock *Succ = *I; auto Prob = getEdgeProbability(BB, Succ); if (Prob > MaxProb) { MaxProb = Prob; MaxSucc = Succ; } } // Hot probability is at least 4/5 = 80% if (MaxProb > BranchProbability(4, 5)) return MaxSucc; return nullptr; } /// Get the raw edge probability for the edge. If can't find it, return a /// default probability 1/N where N is the number of successors. Here an edge is /// specified using PredBlock and an /// index to the successors. BranchProbability BranchProbabilityInfo::getEdgeProbability(const BasicBlock *Src, unsigned IndexInSuccessors) const { auto I = Probs.find(std::make_pair(Src, IndexInSuccessors)); if (I != Probs.end()) return I->second; return {1, static_cast(succ_size(Src))}; } BranchProbability BranchProbabilityInfo::getEdgeProbability(const BasicBlock *Src, const_succ_iterator Dst) const { return getEdgeProbability(Src, Dst.getSuccessorIndex()); } /// Get the raw edge probability calculated for the block pair. This returns the /// sum of all raw edge probabilities from Src to Dst. BranchProbability BranchProbabilityInfo::getEdgeProbability(const BasicBlock *Src, const BasicBlock *Dst) const { auto Prob = BranchProbability::getZero(); bool FoundProb = false; uint32_t EdgeCount = 0; for (const_succ_iterator I = succ_begin(Src), E = succ_end(Src); I != E; ++I) if (*I == Dst) { ++EdgeCount; auto MapI = Probs.find(std::make_pair(Src, I.getSuccessorIndex())); if (MapI != Probs.end()) { FoundProb = true; Prob += MapI->second; } } uint32_t succ_num = std::distance(succ_begin(Src), succ_end(Src)); return FoundProb ? Prob : BranchProbability(EdgeCount, succ_num); } /// Set the edge probability for a given edge specified by PredBlock and an /// index to the successors. void BranchProbabilityInfo::setEdgeProbability(const BasicBlock *Src, unsigned IndexInSuccessors, BranchProbability Prob) { Probs[std::make_pair(Src, IndexInSuccessors)] = Prob; Handles.insert(BasicBlockCallbackVH(Src, this)); LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "set edge " << Src->getName() << " -> " << IndexInSuccessors << " successor probability to " << Prob << "\n"); } /// Set the edge probability for all edges at once. void BranchProbabilityInfo::setEdgeProbability( const BasicBlock *Src, const SmallVectorImpl &Probs) { assert(Src->getTerminator()->getNumSuccessors() == Probs.size()); if (Probs.size() == 0) return; // Nothing to set. uint64_t TotalNumerator = 0; for (unsigned SuccIdx = 0; SuccIdx < Probs.size(); ++SuccIdx) { setEdgeProbability(Src, SuccIdx, Probs[SuccIdx]); TotalNumerator += Probs[SuccIdx].getNumerator(); } // Because of rounding errors the total probability cannot be checked to be // 1.0 exactly. That is TotalNumerator == BranchProbability::getDenominator. // Instead, every single probability in Probs must be as accurate as possible. // This results in error 1/denominator at most, thus the total absolute error // should be within Probs.size / BranchProbability::getDenominator. assert(TotalNumerator <= BranchProbability::getDenominator() + Probs.size()); assert(TotalNumerator >= BranchProbability::getDenominator() - Probs.size()); } raw_ostream & BranchProbabilityInfo::printEdgeProbability(raw_ostream &OS, const BasicBlock *Src, const BasicBlock *Dst) const { const BranchProbability Prob = getEdgeProbability(Src, Dst); OS << "edge " << Src->getName() << " -> " << Dst->getName() << " probability is " << Prob << (isEdgeHot(Src, Dst) ? " [HOT edge]\n" : "\n"); return OS; } void BranchProbabilityInfo::eraseBlock(const BasicBlock *BB) { for (const_succ_iterator I = succ_begin(BB), E = succ_end(BB); I != E; ++I) { auto MapI = Probs.find(std::make_pair(BB, I.getSuccessorIndex())); if (MapI != Probs.end()) Probs.erase(MapI); } } void BranchProbabilityInfo::calculate(const Function &F, const LoopInfo &LI, const TargetLibraryInfo *TLI, PostDominatorTree *PDT) { LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "---- Branch Probability Info : " << F.getName() << " ----\n\n"); LastF = &F; // Store the last function we ran on for printing. assert(PostDominatedByUnreachable.empty()); assert(PostDominatedByColdCall.empty()); SccI = std::make_unique(F); std::unique_ptr PDTPtr; if (!PDT) { PDTPtr = std::make_unique(const_cast(F)); PDT = PDTPtr.get(); } computePostDominatedByUnreachable(F, PDT); computePostDominatedByColdCall(F, PDT); // Walk the basic blocks in post-order so that we can build up state about // the successors of a block iteratively. for (auto BB : post_order(&F.getEntryBlock())) { LLVM_DEBUG(dbgs() << "Computing probabilities for " << BB->getName() << "\n"); // If there is no at least two successors, no sense to set probability. if (BB->getTerminator()->getNumSuccessors() < 2) continue; if (calcMetadataWeights(BB)) continue; if (calcInvokeHeuristics(BB)) continue; if (calcUnreachableHeuristics(BB)) continue; if (calcColdCallHeuristics(BB)) continue; if (calcLoopBranchHeuristics(BB, LI)) continue; if (calcPointerHeuristics(BB)) continue; if (calcZeroHeuristics(BB, TLI)) continue; if (calcFloatingPointHeuristics(BB)) continue; } PostDominatedByUnreachable.clear(); PostDominatedByColdCall.clear(); SccI.reset(); if (PrintBranchProb && (PrintBranchProbFuncName.empty() || F.getName().equals(PrintBranchProbFuncName))) { print(dbgs()); } } void BranchProbabilityInfoWrapperPass::getAnalysisUsage( AnalysisUsage &AU) const { // We require DT so it's available when LI is available. The LI updating code // asserts that DT is also present so if we don't make sure that we have DT // here, that assert will trigger. AU.addRequired(); AU.addRequired(); AU.addRequired(); AU.addRequired(); AU.setPreservesAll(); } bool BranchProbabilityInfoWrapperPass::runOnFunction(Function &F) { const LoopInfo &LI = getAnalysis().getLoopInfo(); const TargetLibraryInfo &TLI = getAnalysis().getTLI(F); PostDominatorTree &PDT = getAnalysis().getPostDomTree(); BPI.calculate(F, LI, &TLI, &PDT); return false; } void BranchProbabilityInfoWrapperPass::releaseMemory() { BPI.releaseMemory(); } void BranchProbabilityInfoWrapperPass::print(raw_ostream &OS, const Module *) const { BPI.print(OS); } AnalysisKey BranchProbabilityAnalysis::Key; BranchProbabilityInfo BranchProbabilityAnalysis::run(Function &F, FunctionAnalysisManager &AM) { BranchProbabilityInfo BPI; BPI.calculate(F, AM.getResult(F), &AM.getResult(F), &AM.getResult(F)); return BPI; } PreservedAnalyses BranchProbabilityPrinterPass::run(Function &F, FunctionAnalysisManager &AM) { OS << "Printing analysis results of BPI for function " << "'" << F.getName() << "':" << "\n"; AM.getResult(F).print(OS); return PreservedAnalyses::all(); }