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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
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<title>Getting Started with LLVM System for Microsoft Visual Studio</title>
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<link rel="stylesheet" href="llvm.css" type="text/css">
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</head>
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<body>
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<div class="doc_title">
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Getting Started with the LLVM System using Microsoft Visual Studio
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</div>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#overview">Overview</a>
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<li><a href="#quickstart">Getting Started Quickly (A Summary)</a>
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<li><a href="#requirements">Requirements</a>
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<ol>
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<li><a href="#hardware">Hardware</a>
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<li><a href="#software">Software</a>
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</ol></li>
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<li><a href="#starting">Getting Started with LLVM</a>
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<ol>
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<li><a href="#terminology">Terminology and Notation</a>
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<li><a href="#objfiles">The Location of LLVM Object Files</a>
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</ol></li>
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<li><a href="#tutorial">An Example Using the LLVM Tool Chain</a>
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<li><a href="#problems">Common Problems</a>
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<li><a href="#links">Links</a>
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</ul>
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<div class="doc_author">
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<p>Written by:
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<a href="mailto:jeffc@jolt-lang.org">Jeff Cohen</a>
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</p>
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</div>
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<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
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<div class="doc_section">
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<a name="overview"><b>Overview</b></a>
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</div>
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<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
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<div class="doc_text">
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<p>The Visual Studio port at this time is experimental. It is suitable for
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use only if you are writing your own compiler front end or otherwise have a
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need to dynamically generate machine code. The JIT and interpreter are
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functional, but it is currently not possible to generate assembly code which
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is then assembled into an executable. You can indirectly create executables
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by using the C back end.</p>
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<p>To emphasize, there is no C/C++ front end currently available.
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<tt>llvm-gcc</tt> is based on GCC, which cannot be bootstrapped using VC++.
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Eventually there should be a <tt>llvm-gcc</tt> based on Cygwin or MinGW that
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is usable. There is also the option of generating bitcode files on Unix and
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copying them over to Windows. But be aware the odds of linking C++ code
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compiled with <tt>llvm-gcc</tt> with code compiled with VC++ is essentially
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zero.</p>
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<p>The LLVM test suite cannot be run on the Visual Studio port at this
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time.</p>
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<p>Most of the tools build and work. <tt>bugpoint</tt> does build, but does
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not work. The other tools 'should' work, but have not been fully tested.</p>
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<p>Additional information about the LLVM directory structure and tool chain
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can be found on the main <a href="GettingStarted.html">Getting Started</a>
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page.</p>
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</div>
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<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
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<div class="doc_section">
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<a name="quickstart"><b>Getting Started Quickly (A Summary)</b></a>
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</div>
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<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
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<div class="doc_text">
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<p>Here's the short story for getting up and running quickly with LLVM:</p>
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<ol>
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<li>Read the documentation.</li>
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<li>Seriously, read the documentation.</li>
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<li>Remember that you were warned twice about reading the documentation.</li>
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<li>Get the Source Code
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<ul>
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<li>With the distributed files:
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<ol>
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<li><tt>cd <i>where-you-want-llvm-to-live</i></tt>
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<li><tt>gunzip --stdout llvm-<i>version</i>.tar.gz | tar -xvf -</tt>
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<i> or use WinZip</i>
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<li><tt>cd llvm</tt></li>
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</ol></li>
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<li>With anonymous Subversion access:
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<ol>
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<li><tt>cd <i>where-you-want-llvm-to-live</i></tt></li>
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<li><tt>svn co http://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm-top/trunk llvm-top
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</tt></li>
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<li><tt>make checkout MODULE=llvm</tt>
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<li><tt>cd llvm</tt></li>
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</ol></li>
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</ul></li>
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<li> Use <a href="http://www.cmake.org/">CMake</a> to generate up-to-date
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project files:
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<ul><li>This step is currently optional as LLVM does still come with a
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normal Visual Studio solution file, but it is not always kept up-to-date
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and will soon be deprecated in favor of the multi-platform generator
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CMake.</li>
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<li>If CMake is installed then the most simple way is to just start the
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CMake GUI, select the directory where you have LLVM extracted to, and
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the default options should all be fine. The one option you may really
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want to change, regardless of anything else, might be the
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CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX setting to select a directory to INSTALL to once
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compiling is complete.</li>
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<li>If you use CMake to generate the Visual Studio solution and project
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files, then the Solution will have a few extra options compared to the
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current included one. The projects may still be built individually, but
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to build them all do not just select all of them in batch build (as some
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are meant as configuration projects), but rather select and build just
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the ALL_BUILD project to build everything, or the INSTALL project, which
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first builds the ALL_BUILD project, then installs the LLVM headers, libs,
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and other useful things to the directory set by the CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX
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setting when you first configured CMake.</li>
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</ul>
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</li>
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<li>Start Visual Studio
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<ul>
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<li>If you did not use CMake, then simply double click on the solution
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file <tt>llvm/win32/llvm.sln</tt>.</li>
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<li>If you used CMake, then the directory you created the project files,
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the root directory will have an <tt>llvm.sln</tt> file, just
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double-click on that to open Visual Studio.</li>
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</ul></li>
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<li>Build the LLVM Suite:
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<ul>
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<li>Simply build the solution.</li>
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<li>The Fibonacci project is a sample program that uses the JIT. Modify
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the project's debugging properties to provide a numeric command line
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argument. The program will print the corresponding fibonacci value.</li>
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</ul></li>
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</ol>
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<p>It is strongly encouraged that you get the latest version from Subversion as
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changes are continually making the VS support better.</p>
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</div>
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<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
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<div class="doc_section">
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<a name="requirements"><b>Requirements</b></a>
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</div>
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<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
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<div class="doc_text">
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<p>Before you begin to use the LLVM system, review the requirements given
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below. This may save you some trouble by knowing ahead of time what hardware
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and software you will need.</p>
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</div>
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<!-- ======================================================================= -->
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<div class="doc_subsection">
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<a name="hardware"><b>Hardware</b></a>
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</div>
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<div class="doc_text">
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<p>Any system that can adequately run Visual Studio .NET 2005 SP1 is fine.
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The LLVM source tree and object files, libraries and executables will consume
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approximately 3GB.</p>
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</div>
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<!-- ======================================================================= -->
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<div class="doc_subsection"><a name="software"><b>Software</b></a></div>
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<div class="doc_text">
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<p>You will need Visual Studio .NET 2005 SP1 or higher. The VS2005 SP1
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beta and the normal VS2005 still have bugs that are not completely
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compatible. VS2003 would work except (at last check) it has a bug with
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friend classes that you can work-around with some minor code rewriting
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(and please submit a patch if you do). Earlier versions of Visual Studio
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do not support the C++ standard well enough and will not work.</p>
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<p>You will also need the <a href="http://www.cmake.org/">CMake</a> build
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system since it generates the project files you will use to build with.</p>
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<p>
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Do not install the LLVM directory tree into a path containing spaces (e.g.
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C:\Documents and Settings\...) as the configure step will fail.</p>
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</div>
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<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
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<div class="doc_section">
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<a name="starting"><b>Getting Started with LLVM</b></a>
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</div>
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<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
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<div class="doc_text">
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<p>The remainder of this guide is meant to get you up and running with
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LLVM using Visual Studio and to give you some basic information about the LLVM
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environment.</p>
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</div>
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<!-- ======================================================================= -->
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<div class="doc_subsection">
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<a name="terminology">Terminology and Notation</a>
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</div>
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<div class="doc_text">
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<p>Throughout this manual, the following names are used to denote paths
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specific to the local system and working environment. <i>These are not
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environment variables you need to set but just strings used in the rest
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of this document below</i>. In any of the examples below, simply replace
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each of these names with the appropriate pathname on your local system.
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All these paths are absolute:</p>
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<dl>
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<dt>SRC_ROOT</dt>
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<dd><p>This is the top level directory of the LLVM source tree.</p></dd>
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<dt>OBJ_ROOT</dt>
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<dd><p>This is the top level directory of the LLVM object tree (i.e. the
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tree where object files and compiled programs will be placed. It is
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fixed at SRC_ROOT/win32).</p></dd>
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</dl>
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</div>
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<!-- ======================================================================= -->
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<div class="doc_subsection">
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<a name="objfiles">The Location of LLVM Object Files</a>
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</div>
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<div class="doc_text">
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<p>The object files are placed under <tt>OBJ_ROOT/Debug</tt> for debug builds
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and <tt>OBJ_ROOT/Release</tt> for release (optimized) builds. These include
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both executables and libararies that your application can link against.</p>
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<p>The files that <tt>configure</tt> would create when building on Unix are
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created by the <tt>Configure</tt> project and placed in
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<tt>OBJ_ROOT/llvm</tt>. You application must have OBJ_ROOT in its include
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search path just before <tt>SRC_ROOT/include</tt>.</p>
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</div>
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<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
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<div class="doc_section">
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<a name="tutorial">An Example Using the LLVM Tool Chain</a>
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</div>
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<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
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<div class="doc_text">
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<ol>
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<li><p>First, create a simple C file, name it 'hello.c':</p>
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<div class="doc_code">
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<pre>
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#include <stdio.h>
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int main() {
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printf("hello world\n");
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return 0;
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}
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</pre></div></li>
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<li><p>Next, compile the C file into a LLVM bitcode file:</p>
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<div class="doc_code">
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<pre>
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% llvm-gcc -c hello.c -emit-llvm -o hello.bc
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</pre>
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</div>
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<p>This will create the result file <tt>hello.bc</tt> which is the LLVM
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bitcode that corresponds the the compiled program and the library
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facilities that it required. You can execute this file directly using
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<tt>lli</tt> tool, compile it to native assembly with the <tt>llc</tt>,
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optimize or analyze it further with the <tt>opt</tt> tool, etc.</p>
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<p><b>Note: while you cannot do this step on Windows, you can do it on a
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Unix system and transfer <tt>hello.bc</tt> to Windows. Important:
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transfer as a binary file!</b></p></li>
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<li><p>Run the program using the just-in-time compiler:</p>
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<div class="doc_code">
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<pre>
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% lli hello.bc
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</pre>
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</div>
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<p>Note: this will only work for trivial C programs. Non-trivial programs
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(and any C++ program) will have dependencies on the GCC runtime that
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won't be satisfied by the Microsoft runtime libraries.</p></li>
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<li><p>Use the <tt>llvm-dis</tt> utility to take a look at the LLVM assembly
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code:</p>
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<div class="doc_code">
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<pre>
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% llvm-dis < hello.bc | more
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</pre>
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</div></li>
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<li><p>Compile the program to C using the LLC code generator:</p>
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<div class="doc_code">
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<pre>
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% llc -march=c hello.bc
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</pre>
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</div></li>
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<li><p>Compile to binary using Microsoft C:</p>
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<div class="doc_code">
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<pre>
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% cl hello.cbe.c
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</pre>
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</div>
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<p>Note: this will only work for trivial C programs. Non-trivial programs
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(and any C++ program) will have dependencies on the GCC runtime that won't
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be satisfied by the Microsoft runtime libraries.</p></li>
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<li><p>Execute the native code program:</p>
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<div class="doc_code">
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<pre>
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% hello.cbe.exe
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</pre>
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</div></li>
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</ol>
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</div>
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<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
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<div class="doc_section">
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<a name="problems">Common Problems</a>
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</div>
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<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
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<div class="doc_text">
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<ul>
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<li>In Visual C++, if you are linking with the x86 target statically, the
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linker will remove the x86 target library from your generated executable or
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shared library because there are no references to it. You can force the
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linker to include these references by using
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<tt>"/INCLUDE:_X86TargetMachineModule"</tt> when linking. In the Visual
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Studio IDE, this can be added in
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<tt>Project Properties->Linker->Input->Force Symbol References</tt>.
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</li>
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</ul>
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<p>If you are having problems building or using LLVM, or if you have any other
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general questions about LLVM, please consult the <a href="FAQ.html">Frequently
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Asked Questions</a> page.</p>
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</div>
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<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
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<div class="doc_section">
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<a name="links">Links</a>
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</div>
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<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
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<div class="doc_text">
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<p>This document is just an <b>introduction</b> to how to use LLVM to do
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some simple things... there are many more interesting and complicated things
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that you can do that aren't documented here (but we'll gladly accept a patch
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if you want to write something up!). For more information about LLVM, check
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out:</p>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="http://llvm.org/">LLVM homepage</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://llvm.org/doxygen/">LLVM doxygen tree</a></li>
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<li><a href="http://llvm.org/docs/Projects.html">Starting a Project
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that Uses LLVM</a></li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
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<hr>
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<address>
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<a href="mailto:jeffc@jolt-lang.org">Jeff Cohen</a><br>
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<a href="http://llvm.org">The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure</a><br>
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Last modified: $Date$
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</address>
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</body>
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</html>
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