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Initial commit of GCC 2.8.1
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This is Info file gcc.info, produced by Makeinfo version 1.67 from the
input file gcc.texi.
This file documents the use and the internals of the GNU compiler.
Published by the Free Software Foundation 59 Temple Place - Suite 330
Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
Copyright (C) 1988, 1989, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998
Free Software Foundation, Inc.
Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this
manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are
preserved on all copies.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of
this manual under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also
that the sections entitled "GNU General Public License," "Funding for
Free Software," and "Protect Your Freedom--Fight `Look And Feel'" are
included exactly as in the original, and provided that the entire
resulting derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission
notice identical to this one.
Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this
manual into another language, under the above conditions for modified
versions, except that the sections entitled "GNU General Public
License," "Funding for Free Software," and "Protect Your Freedom--Fight
`Look And Feel'", and this permission notice, may be included in
translations approved by the Free Software Foundation instead of in the
original English.

File: gcc.info, Node: Copying, Next: Contributors, Prev: Look and Feel, Up: Top
GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
**************************
Version 2, June 1991
Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
========
The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
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General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
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When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
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TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a
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These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If
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Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or
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In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the
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3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it,
under Section 2) in object code or executable form under the terms
of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the
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NO WARRANTY
11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO
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END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
=============================================
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these
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To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
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convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
ONE LINE TO GIVE THE PROGRAM'S NAME AND A BRIEF IDEA OF WHAT IT DOES.
Copyright (C) 19YY NAME OF AUTHOR
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
(at your option) any later version.
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
GNU General Public License for more details.
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper
mail.
If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like
this when it starts in an interactive mode:
Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19YY NAME OF AUTHOR
Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details
type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the
appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the
commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show
c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your
program.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or
your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program,
if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names:
Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program
`Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker.
SIGNATURE OF TY COON, 1 April 1989
Ty Coon, President of Vice
This General Public License does not permit incorporating your
program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine
library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary
applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the
GNU Library General Public License instead of this License.

File: gcc.info, Node: Contributors, Next: Index, Prev: Copying, Up: Top
Contributors to GNU CC
**********************
In addition to Richard Stallman, several people have written parts
of GNU CC.
* The idea of using RTL and some of the optimization ideas came from
the program PO written at the University of Arizona by Jack
Davidson and Christopher Fraser. See "Register Allocation and
Exhaustive Peephole Optimization", Software Practice and
Experience 14 (9), Sept. 1984, 857-866.
* Paul Rubin wrote most of the preprocessor.
* Leonard Tower wrote parts of the parser, RTL generator, and RTL
definitions, and of the Vax machine description.
* Ted Lemon wrote parts of the RTL reader and printer.
* Jim Wilson implemented loop strength reduction and some other loop
optimizations.
* Nobuyuki Hikichi of Software Research Associates, Tokyo,
contributed the support for the Sony NEWS machine.
* Charles LaBrec contributed the support for the Integrated Solutions
68020 system.
* Michael Tiemann of Cygnus Support wrote the front end for C++, as
well as the support for inline functions and instruction
scheduling. Also the descriptions of the National Semiconductor
32000 series cpu, the SPARC cpu and part of the Motorola 88000 cpu.
* Gerald Baumgartner added the signature extension to the C++
front-end.
* Jan Stein of the Chalmers Computer Society provided support for
Genix, as well as part of the 32000 machine description.
* Randy Smith finished the Sun FPA support.
* Robert Brown implemented the support for Encore 32000 systems.
* David Kashtan of SRI adapted GNU CC to VMS.
* Alex Crain provided changes for the 3b1.
* Greg Satz and Chris Hanson assisted in making GNU CC work on HP-UX
for the 9000 series 300.
* William Schelter did most of the work on the Intel 80386 support.
* Christopher Smith did the port for Convex machines.
* Paul Petersen wrote the machine description for the Alliant FX/8.
* Dario Dariol contributed the four varieties of sample programs
that print a copy of their source.
* Alain Lichnewsky ported GNU CC to the Mips cpu.
* Devon Bowen, Dale Wiles and Kevin Zachmann ported GNU CC to the
Tahoe.
* Jonathan Stone wrote the machine description for the Pyramid
computer.
* Gary Miller ported GNU CC to Charles River Data Systems machines.
* Richard Kenner of the New York University Ultracomputer Research
Laboratory wrote the machine descriptions for the AMD 29000, the
DEC Alpha, the IBM RT PC, and the IBM RS/6000 as well as the
support for instruction attributes. He also made changes to
better support RISC processors including changes to common
subexpression elimination, strength reduction, function calling
sequence handling, and condition code support, in addition to
generalizing the code for frame pointer elimination.
* Richard Kenner and Michael Tiemann jointly developed reorg.c, the
delay slot scheduler.
* Mike Meissner and Tom Wood of Data General finished the port to the
Motorola 88000.
* Masanobu Yuhara of Fujitsu Laboratories implemented the machine
description for the Tron architecture (specifically, the Gmicro).
* NeXT, Inc. donated the front end that supports the Objective C
language.
* James van Artsdalen wrote the code that makes efficient use of the
Intel 80387 register stack.
* Mike Meissner at the Open Software Foundation finished the port to
the MIPS cpu, including adding ECOFF debug support, and worked on
the Intel port for the Intel 80386 cpu. Later at Cygnus Support,
he worked on the rs6000 and PowerPC ports.
* Ron Guilmette implemented the `protoize' and `unprotoize' tools,
the support for Dwarf symbolic debugging information, and much of
the support for System V Release 4. He has also worked heavily on
the Intel 386 and 860 support.
* Torbjorn Granlund implemented multiply- and divide-by-constant
optimization, improved long long support, and improved leaf
function register allocation.
* Mike Stump implemented the support for Elxsi 64 bit CPU.
* John Wehle added the machine description for the Western Electric
32000 processor used in several 3b series machines (no relation to
the National Semiconductor 32000 processor).
* Holger Teutsch provided the support for the Clipper cpu.
* Kresten Krab Thorup wrote the run time support for the Objective C
language.
* Stephen Moshier contributed the floating point emulator that
assists in cross-compilation and permits support for floating
point numbers wider than 64 bits.
* David Edelsohn contributed the changes to RS/6000 port to make it
support the PowerPC and POWER2 architectures.
* Steve Chamberlain wrote the support for the Hitachi SH processor.
* Peter Schauer wrote the code to allow debugging to work on the
Alpha.
* Oliver M. Kellogg of Deutsche Aerospace contributed the port to the
MIL-STD-1750A.
* Michael K. Gschwind contributed the port to the PDP-11.
* David Reese of Sun Microsystems contributed to the Solaris on
PowerPC port.
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